Contents
What is Allergic Conjunctivitis?
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the eye’s conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and inner eyelids) triggered by allergens. Unlike infectious conjunctivitis (“pink eye”), it is not contagious and is caused by an immune response to allergens.
Common Triggers (American Academy of Ophthalmology – AAO):
- Pollen (seasonal allergies)
- Pet dander
- Dust mites
- Mold spores
- Perfumes/cosmetics
- Contact lens solutions
Symptoms (American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology – ACAAI)
- Red, itchy eyes (hallmark symptom)
- Watery or clear discharge
- Swollen eyelids
- Burning or gritty sensation
- Temporary blurred vision (due to swelling/discharge)
- Sensitivity to light (in severe cases)
Key Difference from Viral/Bacterial Conjunctivitis:
- No yellow/green pus (suggests bacterial infection)
- Usually affects both eyes (infectious may start in one)
Diagnosis (Mayo Clinic & AAO)
- Medical History & Exam
- Pattern of symptoms (seasonal? after allergen exposure?)
- Visual inspection under a slit lamp (if needed)
- Allergy Testing (if chronic/recurrent)
- Skin prick tests
- Blood tests (IgE levels)
Treatment (National Institutes of Health – NIH)
1. Avoidance & Prevention:
- Cold compresses (reduce swelling/itching)
- Artificial tears (flush out allergens)
- Avoid rubbing eyes (worsens inflammation)
2. Medications:
- Antihistamine eye drops (e.g., Ketotifen, Olopatadine)
- Mast cell stabilizers (e.g., Cromolyn sodium)
- Oral antihistamines (e.g., Loratadine, Cetirizine) for systemic relief
- Steroid eye drops (short-term use for severe cases; requires doctor’s supervision)
For Contact Lens Wearers: Switch to daily disposables or pause use during flare-ups.
Prevention Tips
- Wear sunglasses outdoors to block pollen.
- Wash hands and face after allergen exposure.
- Use hypoallergenic bedding and air purifiers.
- Keep windows closed during high-pollen seasons.
Red Flags: When to See a Doctor
Seek medical care if you experience:
- Severe eye pain (not just itching)
- Yellow/green discharge (sign of infection)
- Vision changes (blurring not relieved by blinking)
- No improvement after 2–3 days of OTC treatment
- Eyelids stuck shut upon waking (possible bacterial conjunctivitis)
