BE FAST: How to Spot a Stroke Before It’s Too Late

What Is a Stroke?

A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cells to die within minutes. It’s a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment to prevent disability or death.

Key Facts (American Stroke Association – ASA):
✔ #5 cause of death & leading cause of disability in the U.S.
✔ 80% are preventable with lifestyle changes.
✔ Every 40 seconds, someone in the U.S. has a stroke.

Types of Stroke (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke – NINDS)

1. Ischemic Stroke (87% of cases)
   • Caused by a blocked artery (clot or plaque).
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke (13%)
   • Caused by a ruptured blood vessel (e.g., aneurysm).
3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) – “Mini-Stroke”
   • Temporary blockage (warning sign of future stroke).

Symptoms (BE FAST Mnemonic) (CDC)

• Balance loss
• Eyes (blurred vision)
• Face drooping
• Arm weakness
• Speech difficulty
• Time to call 911

Other Signs:
✔ Sudden severe headache (“worst headache of life”).
✔ Confusion, dizziness, nausea.

Diagnosis (Mayo Clinic)

1. CT Scan – Rules out bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke).
2. MRI – Detects early ischemic strokes.
3. Carotid Ultrasound – Checks for artery blockages.
4. Blood Tests – Rule out clotting disorders.

Time is brain! Faster treatment = less disability.

Treatment (ASA & FDA)

Ischemic Stroke:

• Clot-busting drugs (tPA) – Must be given within 4.5 hours.
• Thrombectomy – Mechanical clot removal (up to 24 hrs for some).

Hemorrhagic Stroke:

• Surgery to repair ruptured vessels.
• Blood pressure control.

Rehabilitation:

• Physical, speech, and occupational therapy.

Prevention (American Heart Association – AHA)

• Control blood pressure (#1 preventable cause).
• Quit smoking (doubles stroke risk).
• Manage diabetes & cholesterol.
• Exercise 150+ mins/week.
• Eat a low-sodium, Mediterranean-style diet.

Warning Signs: When to Call 911 (NINDS)

Act FAST If You See:

• Sudden numbness/weakness (face, arm, leg).
• Confusion/trouble speaking.
• Vision loss in one/both eyes.
• Severe headache with no cause.

Even if symptoms disappear (TIA), seek help!